Socio-Economic Impacts of Climate Change: An Interdisciplinary Perspective from Environmental Science and Public Policy

Abstract

Climate change is no longer a distant threat but a pressing reality that poses significant socio-economic challenges for countries worldwide, including Pakistan. This article provides an interdisciplinary analysis integrating environmental science and public policy to explore how climate change influences socio-economic structures. Major impacts include increased poverty, food and water insecurity, health risks, and disruption of livelihoods. The study underscores the urgent need for adaptive policy frameworks and innovative mitigation strategies, highlighting lessons from both global and local contexts. The article presents empirical data, case studies, and graphical analyses to reveal how Pakistan’s socio-economic sectors are evolving under the pressures of a changing climate.